Twisting Electrical

Resistance Resistance  is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current. It  is represented by the uppercase letter R. Formula  R  is the resistance in ohms (Ω).    ρ    is the resistivity in ohms-meter (Ω×m)    l   is the length of the conductor in meter (m)   A  is the cross sectional area of the conductor. The standard unit of resistance is the ohm. Ohms  are named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German physicist who studied the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.  Symbolized  by the uppercase Greek letter omega:  Resistance of resistors in series The total equivalent resistance of resistors in series is the sum of the resistance values: R Total  =  R 1 +  R 2 +  R 3 +... Resistance of resistors in parallel The total equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel is given by: ...

What is Voltage ? Voltage(V) is a diffrence in electrical potential energy, per unit of charge, between two points. V = Potential energy                Charge Unit Potential energy means potential to do work so energy measures in joules & charge in coulomb. V =     Joule        = volt (v)       Coulomb Simply voltage pushesh electrons around a circuit, without voltage electrons moves freely in any direction. Analogy with water As voltage decreases brightness of bulb decreases because there is less pressure to force electron in the circuit so less light is produced. Another names to Voltage 1) Potential Diffrence 2) EMF 3) Electric pressure 4) Electric tension

Electric current is a electric charge flowing through any section of a conductor in 1 second. Current = charge flow(q)                        Time(t) Current is measure in Ampere how is it ? i.e. Charge is measure in coulomb & time in second so I = c oulomb   =  Ampere (A)        second Current Direction Direction of electric current is always opposite to the flow of electrons.  We konw current is a flow of electrons but how much it flow given below  1 Amp = 6.250 × 10^21  Electrons/second Conductivity Electrical Conductivity involves flow of free electrons from solid body i.e. Copper wire.  Cu having only 1 electron in outershell. If we push free electron in cu wire it will find new atom & the negative charge of that electron will eject another electron from otershell & electron flows from atom to atom.

Power generated by using wind, solar, biomass, tidal & geothermal heat including farm and animal waste as well as human excreta is known as  non - conventional energy . All these  sources  are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure. Types of sources      1) Wind power     2) Solar power     3) Biomass power     4) Tidal wave power     5) Geo thermal power 1) Wind Power   Wi nd  power describes the process by which  wind  is used to generate electricity .  Wind turbines  convert the kinetic  energy  in the  wind  into mechanical power. A generator can convert mechanical power into electricity. 2) Solar Power Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity , either directly using photovoltaics, indirectly using concentrated sola...

When we cannot reuse a source of energy after using it once we call them  “conventional sources of power”  or “ non-renewable power resources” . They are the most important conventional sources of power. These include coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy. Oil  is the most widely used source of power.  Coal, petroleum and natural gas account for about 90% of world’s production of commercial energy and hydroelectric and nuclear power account for about 10%. Types of conventional sources       1) Thermal power      2) Hydro power      3) Nuclear power 1) Thermal Power A  thermal power  is a  power  in which heat energy is converted to electricity . In most of the places in the world the turbine is steam-driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Thermal power station  2) Hydro Power Hyd...

              Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power, solar, wind and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls that turned water wheels to perform work.        The principles of electricity gradually became understood. In the mid-1800s, everyone's life changed with the invention of the electric light bulb. Prior to 1879, electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. The lightbulb's invention used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes. Generation of electricity        An electric generator is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relation...